Linux 系统安装完后软件源一般都是国外服务器，在国内特别慢，这时候就需要更换国内的镜像源。本文介绍如何给 Centos、Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora、OpenSUSE、FreeBSD 系统更换软件源。

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Centos

1. 备份

   mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
   

2. 更换源

   下载新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/

   wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
   #或者
   curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
   

   注意：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo (opens new window) 中的 7 改为自己的 Centos 版本号，比如 Centos 8 就是 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo (opens new window)

3. 然后运行 yum makecache 生成缓存

   yum makecache
   

Ubuntu

1. 备份

   cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   

2. 更换源

   # 使用 nano 打开文本
   nano /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   删除原来文件里的内容，将下面其中一个源复制进去，然后保存。

   清华源：

   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   

   阿里源：

   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   

3. 更新

   apt update
   

   修复损坏的软件包，尝试卸载出错的包，重新安装正确版本的。

   apt -f install
   

   更新软件

   apt upgrade
   

Debian

1. 备份

   # 将以前的源备份一下，以防以后可以用的
   cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   

2. 更换源

   使用 nano 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件

   nano /etc/apt/sources.list
   

   加入如下内容：

   deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
   # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
   deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
   # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free    
   
   # deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
   # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
   

3. 更新

   apt update
   

   修复损坏的软件包，尝试卸载出错的包，重新安装正确版本的。

   apt -f install
   

   更新软件

   apt upgrade
   

OpenSUSE

1. 禁用原有软件源

   sudo zypper mr -da
   

2. 添加科大镜像源

   sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/oss USTC:42.1:OSS
   sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/non-oss USTC:42.1:NON-OSS
   sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/oss USTC:42.1:UPDATE-OSS
   sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/non-oss USTC:42.1:UPDATE-NON-OSS
   

3. 手动刷新软件源

   sudo zypper ref
   

4. 更新系统

   sudo zypper up
   

FreeBSD

1. 修改 pkg 源

   mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos
   vim /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf
   
   # content of FreeBSD.conf
   FreeBSD: {
       url: "pkg+http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/quarterly",
   }
   

2. 修改 ports 源

   vim /etc/make.conf
   
   # content of make.conf
   FETCH_CMD=axel -n 10 -a
   DISABLE_SIZE=yes
   MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
   

3. 修改 portsnap 源

   vim /etc/portsnap.conf
   
   # content of porsnap.conf
   SERVERNAME=porsnap.tw.freebsd.org
   

国内开源镜像站

大学类

• 清华大学：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (opens new window) (推荐)
• 中国科学技术大学：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ (opens new window) (推荐)
• 浙江大学：http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ (opens new window)
• 兰州大学：http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ (opens new window)
• 大连理工大学：http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ (opens new window)
• 东北大学：http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ (opens new window)
• 大连东软信息学院：http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/ (opens new window)

公司类

• 阿里云开源镜像：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ (opens new window) (推荐)
• 网易开源镜像站：http://mirrors.163.com/ (opens new window)
• 搜狐开源镜像站：http://mirrors.sohu.com/ (opens new window)

PyPi 镜像

• 豆瓣：https://pypi.doubanio.com/ (opens new window) (推荐)